Il va bien falloir réinstaller les paquets fournissant ces fichiers, mais heureusement ça peut s’automatiser.
La première étape c’est de récupérer la liste des fichiers qui devraient être présents dans ce répertoire, avec :
dpkg --list | awk '/^ii/ {print $2}' | xargs dpkg --listfiles | grep '/usr/share/applications/'
Ce qui donne par exemple chez moi :
/usr/share/applications/conky.desktop
/usr/share/applications/cool-retro-term.desktop
/usr/share/applications/ddrescueview.desktop
/usr/share/applications/firefox-esr.desktop
/usr/share/applications/doom2-masterlevels.desktop
/usr/share/applications/gimp.desktop
/usr/share/applications/gsmartcontrol.desktop
/usr/share/applications/htop.desktop
/usr/share/applications/display-im6.q16.desktop
/usr/share/applications/info.desktop
/usr/share/applications/links2.desktop
/usr/share/applications/love.desktop
/usr/share/applications/lxrandr.desktop
/usr/share/applications/mpv.desktop
/usr/share/applications/mutt.desktop
/usr/share/applications/ncmpcpp.desktop
/usr/share/applications/openbox.desktop
/usr/share/applications/com.github.jeromerobert.pdfarranger.desktop
/usr/share/applications/io.poez.Poezio.desktop
/usr/share/applications/python3.10.desktop
/usr/share/applications/rox-filer.desktop
/usr/share/applications/scummvm.desktop
/usr/share/applications/simple-scan.desktop
/usr/share/applications/sxiv.desktop
/usr/share/applications/texdoctk.desktop
/usr/share/applications/thunderbird.desktop
/usr/share/applications/vim.desktop
/usr/share/applications/winetricks.desktop
/usr/share/applications/xfce4-appfinder.desktop
/usr/share/applications/xfce4-run.desktop
/usr/share/applications/xfce4-terminal-settings.desktop
/usr/share/applications/xfce4-terminal.desktop
/usr/share/applications/xfce-wm-settings.desktop
/usr/share/applications/xfce-wmtweaks-settings.desktop
/usr/share/applications/xfce-workspaces-settings.desktop
/usr/share/applications/debian-uxterm.desktop
/usr/share/applications/debian-xterm.desktop
Ensuite, pour chacun de ces fichiers il faut retrouver le nom du paquet le fournissant :
dpkg --list | awk '/^ii/ {print $2}' | xargs dpkg --listfiles | grep '/usr/share/applications/' | \
xargs dpkg --search
conky-std: /usr/share/applications/conky.desktop
cool-retro-term: /usr/share/applications/cool-retro-term.desktop
ddrescueview: /usr/share/applications/ddrescueview.desktop
firefox-esr: /usr/share/applications/firefox-esr.desktop
game-data-packager-runtime: /usr/share/applications/doom2-masterlevels.desktop
gimp: /usr/share/applications/gimp.desktop
gsmartcontrol: /usr/share/applications/gsmartcontrol.desktop
htop: /usr/share/applications/htop.desktop
imagemagick-6.q16: /usr/share/applications/display-im6.q16.desktop
info: /usr/share/applications/info.desktop
links2: /usr/share/applications/links2.desktop
love: /usr/share/applications/love.desktop
lxrandr: /usr/share/applications/lxrandr.desktop
mpv: /usr/share/applications/mpv.desktop
mutt: /usr/share/applications/mutt.desktop
ncmpcpp: /usr/share/applications/ncmpcpp.desktop
openbox: /usr/share/applications/openbox.desktop
pdfarranger: /usr/share/applications/com.github.jeromerobert.pdfarranger.desktop
poezio: /usr/share/applications/io.poez.Poezio.desktop
python3.10: /usr/share/applications/python3.10.desktop
rox-filer: /usr/share/applications/rox-filer.desktop
scummvm: /usr/share/applications/scummvm.desktop
simple-scan: /usr/share/applications/simple-scan.desktop
sxiv: /usr/share/applications/sxiv.desktop
texlive-base: /usr/share/applications/texdoctk.desktop
thunderbird: /usr/share/applications/thunderbird.desktop
vim-common: /usr/share/applications/vim.desktop
winetricks: /usr/share/applications/winetricks.desktop
xfce4-appfinder: /usr/share/applications/xfce4-appfinder.desktop
xfce4-appfinder: /usr/share/applications/xfce4-run.desktop
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/applications/xfce4-terminal-settings.desktop
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/applications/xfce4-terminal.desktop
xfwm4: /usr/share/applications/xfce-wm-settings.desktop
xfwm4: /usr/share/applications/xfce-wmtweaks-settings.desktop
xfwm4: /usr/share/applications/xfce-workspaces-settings.desktop
xterm: /usr/share/applications/debian-uxterm.desktop
xterm: /usr/share/applications/debian-xterm.desktop
Et de cette liste, on peut générer la liste des paquets à réinstaller :
dpkg --list | awk '/^ii/ {print $2}' | xargs dpkg --listfiles | grep '/usr/share/applications/' | \
xargs dpkg --search | \
cut --delimiter=: --fields=1 | sort --unique
conky-std
cool-retro-term
ddrescueview
firefox-esr
game-data-packager-runtime
gimp
gsmartcontrol
htop
imagemagick-6.q16
info
links2
love
lxrandr
mpv
mutt
ncmpcpp
openbox
pdfarranger
poezio
python3.10
rox-filer
scummvm
simple-scan
sxiv
texlive-base
thunderbird
vim-common
winetricks
xfce4-appfinder
xfce4-terminal
xfwm4
xterm
Enfin, on peut directement fournir cette liste à apt pour tout réinstaller d’un coup :
apt install --reinstall $(dpkg --list | awk '/^ii/ {print $2}' | xargs dpkg --listfiles | grep '/usr/share/applications/' | \
xargs dpkg --search | \
cut --delimiter=: --fields=1 | sort --unique)
Jouer sous Debian ? Facile !